slopes, 215–217, 221, 224–231

smoking, 296–298, 334–335

smoothing fraction, 289–290

Social Science Statistics, 170

software

for data collection, 105–110, 241

evolution of, 54

introduction to, 8

for logistic regression, 256–257

for power calculations, 47

for straightline regression,

217

types of, 54–60

variables in, 18

Spearman Rank Correlation test, 47–49

specificity, 185–186, 262–264

spotchecking, 109

SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), 54–58

SQL (Structured Query Language), 110

square root, 332

square root law, 131

squaring, 332

SRS (simple random samples), 80–81

sshaped relationship, 214, 252–256

SSQ (sum of squares), 155, 215–216, 234

standard deviation (SD), 119, 123, 143, 222

standard error (SE)

calculating, 147–148, 179–180

of coefficients, 225–226, 340

compared to confidence intervals, 130–131

description of, 38, 129, 163, 242

in a fraction, 41

statistic, definition of, 40

Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP), 70

Statistical Analysis System (SAS), 54–56, 58, 110